An Artificial Neural Network (ANN), usually called neural network (NN), is a mathematical model or computational model that is inspired by the structure and/or functional aspects of biological neural networks. A neural network consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons, and it processes information using a connectionist approach to computation.

Various methodological computer aided molecular design approaches help speed up the drug development process either by planned alteration of molecular template structure(s) or by de novo design. Most of today's computer aided molecular design methods are based on knowledge of three-dimensional molecular structures

For many applications alternative techniques exist; ANN provide, however, an often more flexible and elegant approach o€ering unique solutions to these tasks. The paradigms o€ered by ANN lie somewhere between purely empirical and ab initio approaches. Neural networks `learn' from examples and acquire their own `knowledge' (induction); are able to generalize; provide flexible non-linear models of input/output relationships;are able to cope with noisy data and are fault-tolerant.

A 3-D image that shows how DNA packs itself tightly into a structure known as a “fractal globule.” The structure is unique in that the genome is completely unknotted, meaning, that “despite how densely it’s packed, you can pull on it, easily get to the region you want to transcribe, read it off, and put it back when you’re done,” explained Erez Lieberman Aiden. Credit: Miriam Huntley, Rob Scharein, and Erez Lieberman-Aiden

The supply of raw materials by natural processes on our planet and their utilisation is a key factor in value creation chains. Additional overall value can be created by minimising global waste accumulation on the industrial large-scale production side, which is of major importance for the transition to a sustainable economy.

Fossil resources have been irrecoverably exhausted through modern industrial civilization. The Industrial Biotechnology (IB) vision for the future is based on the opinion that everything from medicines and fuels to clothing fibers and assorted other industrial raw, materials can be made from plants and microorganisms. Petroleum based platform, chemicals and other heavy industries have reached a new inflection point that petroleum and chemistry would slowly be supplanted by renewable agricultural crops and biotechnology.

H.A. Expectancy

I just would imagine Tyrannosaurus rex coming out from behind buildings headed straight at me. What would I do? Where would I turn? I certainly wouldn't shine any lights out or scream and will hide in building shade without any movement. Dead give-aways to a hungry, angry dinosaur, but this is only a movie made by Steven Spielberg.

Jurassic Park was intended to warn the general public concerning the inherent dangers of biotechnology first of all, but also misuse science in general and attacked the scientific establishment. In Jurassic Park dinosaurs from genetic pastiches of dinosaur and frog DNA are designed to reproduce under controlled conditions, but they spontaneously switch genders, breed at their will but give an overview what happen if it be out of control.